In Moore v. Ogilvie, an Illinois statute that requires new political parties and their candidates to gather 25,000 signatures, including 200 each from at least 50 of the state’s 102 counties, is challenged. Since the state’s population is not equally distributed throughout the counties of the state, requiring an equal number of signatures raises questions of fairness and equality. In a reversal of South v. Peters (1950), the Court rules that the Illinois law violates the 14th Amendment’s equal protection clause.