By 1911, at least 29 states nominate senators either in party primaries or general elections. Sen. Joseph Bristow from Kansas, with the support of many senators elected after these state reforms, proposes a constitutional amendment (without language dealing with race discrimination that had been included in earlier versions). Eight Southern senators and all Republican senators from New England, New York and Pennsylvania oppose Bristow’s resolution, but it is approved by the Senate and the measure moves to the House.